For the past fifteen years, breast cancer has remained the most prevalent oncological disease among women, accounting for nearly a quarter of all diagnosed cancer cases. However, recent years have shown a positive trend: a decrease in breast cancer mortality, largely attributed to early detection. This critical insight was shared by Mikhail Mazo, a senior researcher at the National Center for Oncology of Reproductive Organs at the P.A. Herzen Moscow Research Oncological Institute. His remarks were made during a round table where leading scientists and physicians discussed contemporary approaches to breast cancer prevention, diagnosis, surgical treatment, and reconstruction.
Importance of Modern Diagnostic Methods
According to Mikhail Mazo, mammography, an X-ray examination of the breast, is indispensable for «seeing the invisible» – detecting tumors as small as 2 mm. This capability allows for detection often two to three years before these growths can be felt by palpation. Consequently, he strongly recommended that women aged 40-75 undergo mammography once every two years, assuming no additional risk factors are present.
Mazo further explained that breast ultrasound does not serve as a replacement for mammography but acts as an essential complementary tool. It offers superior visualization of dense breast tissue, a common characteristic in younger women (typically under 35-40 years old). For high-risk groups (e.g., individuals with a strong family history of breast cancer or specific genetic mutations), and for further clarification when initial diagnostic results are inconclusive, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the breast is recommended.
Debunking Common Breast Cancer Myths
During his presentation, the scientist also took the opportunity to systematically debunk three widespread misconceptions surrounding breast cancer diagnosis:
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Myth 1: «Mammography is harmful due to radiation exposure.»
The Truth: The radiation dose associated with mammography is exceedingly low. The profound benefits derived from the early detection of breast cancer significantly outweigh any potential, minimal risks from this exposure. -
Myth 2: «If there`s no pain, there`s no need for examination.»
The Truth: Mikhail Mazo unequivocally stated that early stages of breast cancer are typically painless. Pain often signals a more advanced stage of the disease, underscoring the vital importance of regular screening even in the complete absence of symptoms. -
Myth 3: «If no one in my family has had cancer, I`m not at risk.»
The Truth: Contrary to popular belief, approximately 80% of breast cancer cases are considered sporadic. This means they are not directly linked to a clear hereditary predisposition. While family history is a known risk factor, its absence does not provide immunity against developing the disease.
Globally, October is annually recognized as Breast Cancer Awareness Month, a period dedicated to promoting and encouraging early detection. As part of the «Aware October 2025» campaign, a significant forum specifically for patients is planned in Russia. This initiative is designed to draw public attention to the pressing issue of breast cancer, to expand and normalize the practice of early diagnosis, and to launch a series of new programs focused on informing and supporting women through their prevention, diagnosis, and treatment journey.
